Asana Analysis - Forward Bend/Uttanasana

Standing forward bend can be wonderful way to release physical and mental tension. It is an intense stretch for hamstrings but is also a good posture for quieting the chatter of the mind and sharpening an inward focus. But Uttanasana is not for everyone. See ‘PT Notes’ below for a discussion of the risks and contraindications for this pose.

Muscles Stretched: Hamstrings, gluteals, piriformis, other small external rotators, errector spinae,

Points of Body Awareness:

*Notice how the weight is distributed in the feet. Have you shifted back onto your heels? Are you carrying more weight on one side than the other? Have the arches of your feet flattened or have you shifted to the outside edges of your feet?

*Distribute the weight evenly and maintain neutral foot posture (arches slightly lifted with good contact in the four ‘corners’ of the feet: inner and outer heel bone, ball of the big toe and of the pinky toe).

*Maintain muscular support in the legs and belly. The quadriceps lift the kneecaps up and the navel draws in toward the spine.

*Relax the upper body. Let the head hang down. Let gravity provide traction to the neck.

*You may feel some discomfort in the back of the legs however it should not feel like a sharp or shooting pain. If you notice sharp pain or numbness that increases as you hold Uttanasana, stop or modify the pose.

*Breathe into the connective tissue and muscles of the lower back. Hold for 3 to 6 slow, steady breaths.

*Do you notice a subtle rising and lowering of the torso that is in sync with the breath?

*Inhale as you rise back up with strong legs and strong belly.

To Modify:

Take pressure off the hamstring muscles and sciatic nerves by bending the knees slightly. Or bend the knees a lot and rest the belly on the thighs in order to feel a deep release of the lower back. If the fingers don’t reach the floor, use blocks under hands. For an intense stretch of the hamstrings with less spinal flexion, use blocks and keep the head and shoulders lifted. This is also a transitory pose in the sun salutation.

Try resting your head on a block or chair to decrease tension in the neck and shoulders and increase the level of relaxation.

To Challenge:

Keep the feet together, rather than hip-distance apart. This is more difficult because the hamstrings and sciatic nerve are under more tension. Another challenging version of standing forward fold is Hands under Feet Pose, in which you place your hands under the feet, with the palms touching the soles of the feet.

Other Variations:

There are other variations of Uttanasana that are not necessarily more challenging but vary the focus of the posture. One such variation is to grasp your opposite elbows, sometimes called Rag doll pose. This keeps the hands off the ground and, in theory, allows the torso to hang without tension.

Another variation is to cradle the head by clasping the hands behind the neck and let the weight of the arms provide more traction to the neck. Make sure that you are not pulling the neck into a flexed position and over-stretching the ligaments.

PT Notes:

This posture is one that may feel like a cardinal sin from the perspective of a PT. How often have we taught people to ‘bend with you legs, not your back!” Who doesn’t remember that chart of how much pressure is placed on the discs when the spine is flexed? But in our zeal to teach ‘correct’ posture and body mechanics, we may inadvertently cause rigidity in minds and bodies.

Of course most people can not and should not stop flexing their spines. However they should have a spine that is able to flex in a healthy and efficient manner. Repetitive and prolonged spinal flexion is harmful. Lifting, pulling and twisting with spinal flexion is risky. But allowing the spine to bend with good muscular support, with adequate segmental motion, and with a conscious intent to relax tense, overworked muscles can be very therapeutic for many people.

Observing a patient in a standing forward fold posture can reveal a lot. Do they weight shift to one side? Does the torso sidebend? Do they have scoliosis? How much do they flex in the lumbar spine or in the hips? Is all their motion occurring in the thoracic spine? Equally important is how they move into and out of the posture. Is it smooth or is there a juddering quality? Do they have a hitch to one side? All of this information can be useful in selecting an appropriate variation of Uttanasana for your patient.

Uttanasana is obviously contraindicated for anyone with a symptomatic disc herniation or with acute neurological signs elicited by lumbar flexion. It is also contraindicated for those with glaucoma, detached retina, high blood pressure or any other condition that is exacerbated by a head-below-the-heart posture. For those patients, Down Dog on a Wall is a good alternative pose for stretching hamstrings. Anyone with a history of a low back injury or with osteoporosis should proceed cautiously.

Tips to Minimize Stress in the Low Back:

*Before doing Uttanasana, warm up with postures and exercises that promote good mobility in the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex such as pelvic tilts, cat/cow pose, and child’s pose.

*Know how to engage transverse abdominus properly and do so as you move in and out of the pose and while you hold it.

*Keep the knees bent.

*Let the spine lengthen. If the spine (including thoracic region) feels too rounded, try a modification that will allow for greater length of the torso.

*Hold the pose for a maximum of about 60 seconds.